UroToday.com – Overactive bladder is a key battleground for the pharmaceutical industry and an area of considerable significance to health delivery systems. Given the substantial effects on quality of life, patients are understandably keen for therapeutic strategies which are effective without the significant side effects of anticholinergic drugs. Finally, clinicians have to deal with refractory urinary urgency, which constitutes a significant burden. Published evidence appears to set a confident and positive outlook; a range of effective anticholinergic drugs is available, whilst botulinum toxin is perceived to mop up those who remain bothered despite conservative and medical management.